Abstract: The worn locomotive profile in the practice was measured by using the wheel and rail profile measuring instrument. And the wheel and rail contact three-dimensional finite element models were established based on the standard and worn locomotive wheel profiles to calculate and analyze the contact spot and equivalent stress with different transverse displacement. Besides, a wheel-rail contact test was built. And the wheel and rail test blocks from the field were used for the test to analyze the wheel-rail contact state with different transverse displacement. The finite element calculation and test of the contact between the standard and worn wheel and the standard rail were compared and analyzed. The conclusions were drawn that the transverse displacement had a significant influence on the contact state of the wheel and rail. Compared with the standard wheel profile, the contact spot area between the worn wheel profile and the standard rail was larger and the maximum contact equivalent stress was smaller. The shape and size of the contact spots obtained by the wheel-rail contact test were in good agreement with that obtained by the simulation calculation, which proved the validity of the finite element simulation calculation and the correctness of the experimental study.