Abstract: The hollow cylindrical roller (HCR) bearing is a new type of rolling bearings. Its structural characteristics include: the hollowness of roller is higher than 50%, the bearing is completed with rollers without bearing cage, and the rollers are always in the preloaded state. Therefore, the HCR bearing shows a series of high performance, such as high stiffness, high rotationary accuracy, high limited speed etc. It is specially suitable for application on the spindle of precision machine tools. It's main failure models are wear and fluxural fatigue fracture of rollers.