Abstract: In order to study the variation of structure and properties in the processing of lithium complex grease, the soap fibers structure of 6 samples from the different step in the preparation process were respectively observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their physical and chemical properties were determined. Meanwhile, soap fibers structure of the grease samples from the different cooling process in the production of lithium complex grease were observed by SEM, and their physical and chemical properties were included. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in the process of high-temperature refining and cooling, lithium compound soap changed from solid to liquid, and then condensed liquid to solid state. Many complex soap crystal nucleus were formatted through this phase transition, and then grew to soap fibers, and finally formed a three-dimensional network structure. The key control procedure during the manufacturing process of lithium complex grease was the cooling step, which is beneficial to the development of a dense and uniform fiber three-dimensional network structure. Furthermore, turn kettle quenching was the most effective way.