Abstract: A new rolling test rig was developed based on a high precision tension compression hydraulic machine, by making modification of the clutch. The displacement of motion and the tangential force can be precisely controlled with this test rig. Thus the effect of the tangential force on the rolling wear behavior of AISI 1045 steel plate/SAE 52100 steel roller pair was investigated and the worn surface morphology of the AISI 1045 steel plate examined with a scanning electron microscope. As the results, the wear depth of the AISI 1045 steel plate increases considerably with increase in the tangential force, accompanied by the transition of wear mechanisms from mild adhesion wear to severe adhesion wear and somewhat fatigue wear.