Abstract: In the present paper,the optimum matching of surfactant additive and calcium perrhenate concentration in pentaerythritol ester base oil for long time stability was selected. The anti-friction performance of this complex oil was investigated by using a ball-on-disc (Si₃N₄ /GH128 super-alloy) rubbing tribo-meter from room temperature to 600 ℃. The results show that the surfactant additive composite of OP-10 and SDS was stable after storage over 90 days. The complex oil containing 0.5%~1.0% calcium perrhenate presented good anti-friction effect in a wide temperature range with friction coefficient about 0.15~0.25. The possibility about a hybrid lubrication mode,i.e. smooth transition from oil film to solid lubrication at elevated temperature,is discussed.