Abstract: The mixture of Nb and Se powders in stoichiometric ratio were encapsulated in a quartz ampoules or pressed as flakes After being heated to a desired temperature , Nbs_e nanofibers and nanoparticles were obtained The morphology of Nbs_e nanomaterials were analyzed by X -ray diffraction , scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy The friction and wear of Nbs_e nanomaterials as additive in commercial lubricating 011 N4O were initially investigated on a MS -T300O tribo -meter The results showed that Nbs_e nanofibers with diameter of 100 -200 nm and Nbs_e nanoparticles with diameter of 40 -300 nm had sandwich structure and good crystallinity The antiwear and friction reducing abilities of N4O with Nbs_e as additive were much better than that of base oil N4O Compared with Nbs_e nanofibers,the nanoparticles have better friction reducing ability