Abstract: A new rail grinding friction testing apparatus has been designed. It is applicable for the simulation experiment on tribology of interactions between rail and grinding stone. The study for the difference of friction coefficient,roughness,wear mass,hardness under the different grinding parameters can be included. The results show that the roughness and wear mass of rail specimens had a tendency to decrease with the increase of the granularity of grinding stones. With the increase of the grinding rotational speed,the friction coefficient and the roughness decreased and the wear mass and the hardness of the rail specimens increased. With the increase of the pressure,the friction coefficient and the roughness had a tendency to decrease and the wear mass and the hardness of the specimens increased. Obvious ploughing on the surface of specimens was observed. The ploughing marks became wider with the decrease of the granularity of grinding stones. This apparatus can evaluate the tribological behavior of interaction between rail and grinding stone under different parameter conditions.