ISSN   1004-0595

CN  62-1224/O4

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基于特斯拉阀的新型非接触式流体密封技术研究

A New Non-Contact Fluid Seal Technology Based on Tesla Valve

  • 摘要: 针对传统接触式流体密封功耗大、高工况场合适应性差以及非接触式密封结构复杂、系统冗沉和维护成本高等问题,基于平面特斯拉阀结构提出了1种非接触、零磨损、低泄漏及结构简约的新型密封技术和结构. 通过Fluent流体仿真计算软件建立三维新型密封结构,并对不同工况和几何参数下的密封性能进行系统分析,得到了新型密封的性能特性及最优参数区间. 结果表明:介质压力P、密封间距h及密封级数Z等对密封性能影响最为显著,新型密封更适用于高密度、高黏度介质工况;新型密封三维流道分流角与平面特斯拉阀分流角最优区间一致,密封性能对转速变化不敏感,同样适用于低转速甚至停车状态;新型密封级数Z为4、8和12时对应的标准泄漏临界密封间距h分别为24、26和30 μm,为相同工况条件下干气密封的十几倍甚至几十倍,且新型密封间距为刚性间隙,稳定性更高. 基于本文中提出的新型密封,有望发展出1种流体密封新技术,并对现有密封领域形成技术革新.

     

    Abstract:
    The rapid development of Industrial science and technology has higher requirements for the high-level practicality of mechanical seals. While meeting the sealing requirements, how to improve the throttling efficiency, reduce the maintenance cycle, improve the seal life and structural stability is of great significance for the practical application of sealing technology. At present, the traditional mechanical seal mainly relies on the direct solid contact (contact type) of the seal ring or the introduction of blocking fluid (non-contact type) to block the leakage channel. The former is efficient and reliable, simple structure but high power consumption and short service life, while the latter has low power consumption and long service life but complex structure and low throttling efficiency. In particular, the technology of non-contact sealing products for high-end equipment such as gas turbines and engines is complex and systematic. Based on the existing sealing structure, it is difficult to achieve theoretical innovation and technological breakthrough of high-performance sealing products. Therefore, it is urgent to make original breakthroughs in the existing seal forms and theories, and innovate a new technology and structure of non-contact mechanical seal with high efficiency, zero wear, simple structure and outstanding stability. Tesla valve has been successfully applied in various fluid flow control fields with its unique structure and one-way conduction characteristics. Its ingenious step-by-step impact blocking characteristics in reverse flow have high throttling efficiency. This project was based on the passive fluid control principle and impact blocking throttling method of the planar Tesla valve structure, and according to the unique one-way conduction characteristics of this structure, it was proposed to expand this ingenious structure fromed planar flow to three-dimensional channel flow, upgraded the one-way conduction characteristics for sealing one-way (high pressure side to low pressure side) leakage suppression under non-contact operation, realized the unique macro three-dimensional reconstruction of the micro leakage channel of the traditional seal, and built a new sealing function and structure with non-contact, zero wear, low leakage and simple structure. Through the systematic simulation calculation of different working conditions and geometric parameters, the performance characteristics and optimal parameter range of the new seal was obtained.
    The results showed that the medium pressure P, seal spacing h and seal series Z significantly affected the performance of the new seal, the predetermined sealing performance could be achieved by reducing the seal spacing and increasing the seal series. The new seal was more suitable for high-density and high-viscosity medium. The optimal interval of the shunt angle of the 3D flow channel of the sealing was the same as that of the planar Tesla valve. The sealing performance was not sensitive to speed changes, and it was also suitable for low speed or even shutdown. Taking the standard leakage as the index, the corresponding critical seal spacing of the new seal series Z = 4, 8 and 12 was h = 24, 26 and 30 μm, respectively, which was more than ten times or even dozens of times that of the dry gas seal under the same working conditions, and the new seal spacing was rigid clearance for higher stability. Based on the proposal of a new type of seal in this paper, it was expected to develop a new technology of fluid seal, and formed a technological innovation in the existing sealing field.

     

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